Lightweight Face Anti-Spoofing with MobileNetV2: Transfer Learning, Model Compression, and Evaluation on LCC-FASD
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61467/2007.1558.2026.v17i4.1529Keywords:
face anti-spoofing, presentation attack detection, MobileNetV2, detección de suplantación facial, detección de ataques de presentación, MobileNetV2Abstract
Face recognition systems remain vulnerable to presentation attacks involving printed photographs, replayed videos, and three-dimensional masks, creating a need for accurate and computationally efficient face anti-spoofing methods. This study proposes a lightweight deep learning framework based on MobileNetV2 for detecting genuine and spoofed facial presentations. The model employs transfer learning and fine-tuning and is trained and evaluated on the Large Crowd-Collected Face Anti-Spoofing Dataset (LCC-FASD), which contains genuine and spoofed facial samples captured under varying conditions. The framework integrates image preprocessing, data augmentation, and hyperparameter optimisation to improve classification performance and generalisation. Experimental results show a precision of 95.86%, a recall of 98.45%, and an F1-score of 97.88%. Training and validation analyses, confusion-matrix evaluation, and receiver operating characteristic analysis further support the stability of the classification results. Pruning and quantisation are also applied to reduce computational complexity while preserving competitive detection performance. The resulting lightweight framework is suitable for biometric authentication systems, mobile devices, online identity-verification platforms, and edge-based security applications. The study demonstrates the potential of MobileNetV2 for efficient face anti-spoofing and provides a basis for future research on advanced presentation attacks, including deepfakes and three-dimensional masks.
Spanish-language metadata / Metadatos en español
Título en español:
Detección ligera de ataques de suplantación facial con MobileNetV2: aprendizaje por transferencia, compresión del modelo y evaluación en LCC-FASD
Resumen:
Los sistemas de reconocimiento facial continúan siendo vulnerables a ataques de presentación mediante fotografías impresas, videos reproducidos y máscaras tridimensionales, lo que genera la necesidad de métodos precisos y computacionalmente eficientes para detectar la suplantación facial. Este estudio propone un marco ligero de aprendizaje profundo basado en MobileNetV2 para distinguir entre presentaciones faciales genuinas y fraudulentas. El modelo emplea aprendizaje por transferencia y ajuste fino, y se entrena y evalúa con el conjunto de datos Large Crowd-Collected Face Anti-Spoofing Dataset (LCC-FASD), que contiene muestras faciales genuinas y fraudulentas capturadas en condiciones diversas. El marco integra preprocesamiento de imágenes, aumento de datos y optimización de hiperparámetros para mejorar el desempeño de clasificación y la capacidad de generalización. Los resultados experimentales muestran una precisión del 95.86 %, una exhaustividad del 98.45 % y una puntuación F1 del 97.88 %. Los análisis de entrenamiento y validación, la evaluación mediante matriz de confusión y el análisis de la característica operativa del receptor respaldan adicionalmente la estabilidad de los resultados de clasificación. Asimismo, se aplican técnicas de poda y cuantización para reducir la complejidad computacional, al tiempo que se mantiene un desempeño de detección competitivo. El marco ligero resultante es adecuado para sistemas de autenticación biométrica, dispositivos móviles, plataformas de verificación de identidad en línea y aplicaciones de seguridad basadas en el borde. El estudio demuestra el potencial de MobileNetV2 para la detección eficiente de suplantación facial y proporciona una base para futuras investigaciones sobre ataques de presentación avanzados, incluidos los deepfakes y las máscaras tridimensionales.
Palabras Claves:
detección de suplantación facial; detección de ataques de presentación; MobileNetV2; aprendizaje por transferencia; red neuronal convolucional; autenticación biométrica; LCC-FASD.
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https://scite.ai/reports/10.61467/2007.1558.2026.v17i4.1529
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